John, a forensic examiner, has been tasked with analyzing an evidence image file acquired from...

This question aligns with CHFI v11 objectives underOperating System ForensicsandFile Type and Encoding Analysis. In digital forensics, file signature analysis—also known asmagic number analysis—is a critical technique used to identify the true file type regardless of its extension. Attackers often rename or disguise files to evade detection, making hex-level inspection essential during forensic examinations.

Each file format begins with a unique hexadecimal header that identifies its structure. The hex value“89 50 4E 47”corresponds to the ASCII representation of‰PNG, which is the standard file signature forPortable Network Graphics (PNG)files. CHFI v11 specifically emphasizes the use of hex editors to analyze file headers and detect file extension mismatches during investigations.

The other options have different signatures: PDF files start with25 50 44 46 (%PDF), JPEG files typically begin withFF D8 FF, and BMP files start with42 4D (BM). Since the observed hex value matches the PNG signature, the correct identification is PNG. This technique is vital for uncovering hidden or obfuscated evidence and ensuring accurate file classification in forensic investigations.