According to CVSS, what is attack complexity?

In the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), attack complexity refers to the conditions beyond the attacker’s control that must exist for the vulnerability to be successfully exploited.

This includes factors such as the need for user interaction, the presence of specific configurations, or network conditions that are not easily controlled by the attacker.

A high attack complexity means that these external factors make exploitation more difficult, while a low attack complexity indicates that fewer such conditions are required.

References

CVSS v3.1 Specifications Document

Understanding Attack Complexity in Vulnerability Assessments

Cybersecurity Frameworks and Metrics