The sudo configuration file (/etc/sudoers) defines the rules for granting privileges to users or groups to execute commands as another user, usually the superuser or root. The format of the sudo configuration file is as follows:
user_list host_list=effective_user_list tag_list command_list
The user_list specifies the users who can run the commands, the host_list specifies the hosts where the commands can be run, the effective_user_list specifies the user as whom the commands can be run, the tag_list specifies some options for the commands, and the command_list specifies the commands that can be run.
In this case, the user_list is jane, the host_list is ANY (meaning any host), the effective_user_list is not specified (meaning root by default), the tag_list is NOPASSWD or PASSWD (meaning whether a password is required or not), and the command_list is /bin/kill, /bin/id, or /sbin/fdisk.
Therefore, the sudo configuration file allows jane to run /bin/kill, /bin/id, or /sbin/fdisk as root on any host, but with different password requirements. Specifically:
Jane can run /bin/kill without specifying a password, because the tag_list is NOPASSWD for this command. This means that jane can execute sudo /bin/kill and the command will run as root without asking for any password. This makes option D true.
Jane can run /bin/id without specifying a password, because the tag_list is also NOPASSWD for this command. This means that jane can execute sudo /bin/id and the command will run as root without asking for any password. This makes option E true.
Jane can run /sbin/fdisk after specifying her password, because the tag_list is PASSWD for this command. This means that jane can execute sudo /sbin/fdisk and the command will ask for jane’s password before running as root. This makes option C true.
The other options are false because:
Jane cannot run /bin/id only after specifying her password, because the tag_list is NOPASSWD for this command. This makes option A false.
Jane cannot run /sbin/fdisk after specifying root’s password, because the password that is required is jane’s password, not root’s password. This makes option B false.
References:
LPI Linux Essentials: 1.4. Using sudo
LPI Linux Administrator: 102.5. Use Debian package management
LPI Linux Engineer: 201.1. Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage
LPI Linux Professional Certification Program
