Which type of filesystem is created by mkfs when it is executed with the block...

The mkfs command creates a file system on a given device partition. If the type of file system is not specified, the default file system type is ext2. This is mentioned in the man page of mkfs1 and also in the article by How-To Geek2. Ext2 is an older file system that does not support journaling, which is a feature that allows the file system to recover from crashes or power failures. Ext2 is not very commonly used nowadays, as most Linux systems prefer ext4 or other file systems that support journaling and other features. References:

How to Use the mkfs Command on Linux - How-To Geek

mkfs(8): build file system - Linux man page